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Sub-7GHz Wireless Communication

The Sub-7GHz spectrum includes low and mid-frequency ranges below 7GHz. Low frequencies are typically below 1GHz, while mid-frequencies extend from 2.4GHz up to 7GHz.

Compared to LTE, which offers a speed of just 53Mb/s and latency of 20-30ms, Sub-7GHz bands provide transfer speeds that can be up to 25 times faster.

Applications: Automotive systems, mobile phones, and other portable devices.

WiFi 7

WiFi 7, based on the IEEE 802.11be standard, achieves Extremely High Throughput (EHT) exceeding 30 Gbps, with ultra-low latency of under 5ms. It supports tri-band operation across the 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz bands, using 320 MHz wide channels and 4096 QAM modulation. The technology also enables configurations of up to 16×16 MIMO and multi-link operation (MLO).

Applications: Immersive AR, VR gaming, cloud computing, and 8K video streaming, smartphones, smartwatches, home connected systems.

Satellite Communication

Satellite communications utilize artificial satellites to establish communication links between different locations on Earth, primarily through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems.

K Band: Operating in the 18 to 27 GHz range, K-band frequencies between 18 and 26.5 GHz are significantly affected by atmospheric water vapor, particularly at a resonance peak of 22.24 GHz. This absorption leads to high atmospheric attenuation, making these frequencies less suitable for long-distance communication.

Ku Band: Spanning from 12 to 18 GHz, the Ku band is widely used for satellite communications, direct-broadcast satellite television, terrestrial microwave communications, and radar systems, including police speed detection.

X Band: Recognized for its Super High Frequency (SHF), the X band is extensively utilized by military forces for beyond line-of-sight communications. It offers a balance of interference resistance, compact terminal size, high data rates, broad coverage, and resilience to rain, making it particularly suitable for military applications and often reserved for governmental use.

Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Software Defined Radio (SDR) refers to a radio communication system where traditional hardware components are replaced by software, which runs on personal computers or embedded systems.

SDR technology allows network devices to be upgraded without hardware modifications. Its flexibility facilitates seamless network reconfiguration, efficient spectrum access, and operation across various communication protocols and frequencies.

Applications: Health, Aerospace, Telecommunications, Automotive, and Oil & Gas industries.