AI Communication

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Telecommunication concept. Young woman calling with smart phone.

Sub-7GHz Wireless Communication

Sub-7GHz refers to mid and low-frequency bands under 7GHz.
Low-frequency bands are under 1GHz, while mid-bands range from 2.4GHz to 7GHz.

Sub-7GHz maximum transfer speeds is 25 times faster than LTE transfer speed which is only 53Mb/s with 20-30 m/s latency

Application includes car, mobile phone, and mobile devices..etc

Sign of the wifi on digital screen, close up.

Wifi 7

IEEE 802.11be standard
Extremely High Throughput ( EHT ) > 30 Gbps
Low Latenct: < 5ms
Tri-band operation ( 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 6 GHz )
Extra-wide 320 MHz channels
4096 QAM modulation
Up to 16×16 MIMO and multi-link operation ( MLO )

Application: full immersion AR, VR gaming and cloud computing application, 8K TV steaming

Three sattelite dishes at sunset

Satellite Communication

Satellite telecommunications, the used of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth.
LEO ( Low Earth Orbit ) Satellite system

K band
18 to 27-Gigahertz (GHz). The range of frequencies in the center of the K-band between 18- and 26.5-GHz is absorbed by water vapor in the atmosphere due to its resonance peak at 22.24-GHz, 1.35 cm (0.53 in). Therefore these frequencies experience high atmospheric attenuation and cannot be used for long distance applications.

Ku band
12–18-GHz, mainly used for satellite communications, direct-broadcast satellite television, terrestrial microwave communications, and radar, especially police traffic-speed detectors.

X band
SHF ( Super High Frequency ) Satellite Communication is widely used by military forces for beyond line of sight communications. X band is used because it provides a compromise between the characteristics of different frequency bands which is particularly suited to the needs of military users. The characteristics include interference and rain resilience, terminal size, data rates, remote coverage and whether it is reserved for governmental use.

Electronic circuit board and digital information technology concept.

Software Defined Radio

Software-defined radio (SDR) is a radio communication system where components that have been traditionally implemented in analog hardwares are instead implemented by means of software on a personal computer or embedded system.

SDR technology allows implementation of network devices that can be upgraded without modifying existing hardware. The versatility of the SDR paradigm also allows smooth reconfiguration of networks and efficient spectrum access. In addition, its flexibility enables network devices to operate seamlessly on different communication protocols and frequencies.